Abisko is situated in the Swedish province of Lapland near the Norwegian border, and belongs to Kiruna Municipality, Sweden's northernmost and largest municipality. It starts from the shores of Torne trask, one of Sweden's largest lakes where the village of Abisko is located, and extends some 15 kilometres to the south-west. It is situated about 195 kilometers north of the Arctic circle.

Abisko is also home to the Abisko Scientific Research Station, first established in 1903 near the Abisko village and incorporated with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1935. It is used primarily for environmental, biological, and geological research and contains several on-site laboratories as well as off-site field research stations.