The city's harbor used to be the main entry point to Shikoku Island until the Seto Ohashi Bridge opened in 1988, providing a land connection to Honshu Island.

The Matsudaira Clan, relatives of the Tokugawa Shogun, controlled Takamatsu's former castle town and surrounding area, then known as the Sanuki Province, during most of the Edo Period.

Today, Takamatsu's attractions include Ritsurin Koen, arguably one of Japan's most beautiful gardens; Shikoku Mura, an open air museum; and Yashima, a mountain battle site during the Gempei War. Nearby Kotohira can also be visited in an easy side trip from Takamatsu.

It is designated a core city by the Japanese Government. It is a port city located on the Inland Sea, and is the closest port to Honshu from Shikoku island. For this reason it flourished under the Daimyo (feudal lords) as a castle town in the fiefdom of Takamatsu, during the Edo Period. Takamatsu is a city with a large concentration of nationwide companies' branch offices, which play a large role in its economy, and it contains most of the federal government's branch offices for Shikoku. The castle tower formerly used as the symbol of the city was destroyed during the Meiji Period In 2004, construction of the Symbol Tower, the new symbol of Takamatsu, was completed.

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